One of the results of the recession has been to reinforce the tendency to opt for term insurance as the first life policy. With the disappearance of credit and the pressure on employment, people have decide to switch to prudence. That means paying down the debts and cutting back on discretionary spending. Is this financial puritanism sensible? There are a number of factors to consider. First, a definition. A term policy is life coverage for a fixed number of years. Think of it as like a bet. If you are still alive at the end of the term, the insurance keeps all the premiums, and you and your dependents get nothing. Now, let’s focus on the psychology of the young. Most never bother thinking about insurance or, if they do, it’s a very low priority. Why bother worrying about something that’s unlikely to happen for decades? Statistically, this is a reasonable view. Just as many young people back their health and refuse to buy an individual health plan, the majority see no advantage in life insurance. Life expectancy has been rising steadily over the last 50 years. This calm confidence lasts until they enter a stable relationship. Until children appear. But, by then, the cost of living has gone up and, potentially, what was two incomes has become one. Then, buying term insurance is the cheap option.

The real question is whether buying a whole life policy early is always the right answer. The argument goes that you take on the higher premiums when, as a young single, you have the most disposable income. Inflation and pay increases slowly make the higher premiums more affordable. If you do become a two-income family, this really takes the pressure off. Hopefully, by the time children come along, you have already produced a financial situation in which the premiums are now affordable. Hmmm. Back to definitions: this policy insures your life, but also has an investment element that builds up a cash value over time. If you keep up the premiums, this provides security during retirement and for your dependents. Except, people do not make rational financial decisions. The young prefer to enjoy their youth rather than stay home and save for their retirement. Worse, the reality of most of the investment elements is that they represent poor performance. If you bought term insurance and invested the balance of the premium saved in regular investments, you would almost certainly do better. The hard reality is the insurance companies charge commissions for setting up your account and then impose management fees for investing your money. This slices the top off the investment returns.

So the conclusion is slightly bad news. The decision on what to buy is not directly related to the life insurance quotes you receive through a site like this. The best value is buying term insurance and having the self-discipline to invest a growing proportion of your income. If you do not have that self-discipline, the whole life, universal and variable policies represent compulsory savings. In effect, you are paying the life company to do the work of investing for you. The perfect choice starts with the life insurance quotes and diverts through the office of an independent actuary who will give you an educated guess on the quality of the investment returns from the whole life policy as against managing your own investments over the next thirty years or so. Now you can decide whether you want to trust yourself or accept a low but guaranteed yield from the insurance company.

Just in case you do claim, the policy includes every possible way of avoiding payment on the claim. So all the headlines in the quotes and on the front page of the policy sell you the idea of coverage. All the small print later in the policy limits and excludes the insurer’s liability to pay. It should all be so straightforward. The policy is a simple contract between you and the insurer. You pay a premium. If any of the following things happen to you, the insurer pays for your treatment. You look down the list of injuries, diseases and disorders. Ah, if only life could be so simple.

The first problem is who you want to treat you. Some people are happy to have anyone with MD after their name prod them, nod wisely and write out a prescription. Others will only accept someone with experience in the particular problem. The difference between the two can be thousands of dollars. The doctor in general practice will charge only a small fee for a quick consult. If you go to the nearest specialist and you are put through a battery of tests to confirm the diagnosis, the total bill for the same prescription could be relatively astronomical. Then we come to the question of the treatments. The quick solution is usually a drug but taking, say, a painkiller when what you actually need is surgery to relieve the physical cause of the pain. . . Well, if you want a cure and avoid dependence on the painkillers, your insurer must be prepared to pay a lot more money.

The problem with medicine is the uncertainty. Science has only progressed so far, identifying many possible diseases and disorders, but never being totally sure what the best treatment is. One of the current hit TV medical dramas is “House” where the problems of diagnosis are presented as entertainment. What the program fails to tell you is how much the hospital would bill Gregory House’s patients. All it does is show you the alarming number of very expensive tests you could be asked to pay for without any guarantee they will provide the definite answer. So, when you get health insurance quotes, try to get a feel for three key areas: what diseases and disorders are covered, who is allowed to treat you, and what are the limits on the treatments? Yes, there will be jargon, but never accept health insurance quotes at face value. Always try to get answers to these three simple questions. Most plans place real limits of your freedom of choice. In fact, the lower the premium, the less choice you will be allowed. Only the top-of-the-range plans leave you with a reasonable amount of control over what happens to you and your family. This leaves us with an irony. The rich who have least need for health insurance are actually able to buy the best terms. The poor cannot pay and are not covered. The rest scrape the barrel to get what treatment they can.